This formulation contains Amoxycillin & Lactobacillus sporogenes (lactic acid bacillus spores). Lactic acid bacillus spores are friendly bacteria which restore the disturbed microflora of large intestine and thereby restores the water absorption, mineral absorption and formation of vitamin B12 in the large intestine. So incidence of diarrhoea due to Amoxycillin gets reduced, making it more patient friendly

AMOXYCILLIN: It is a semi-synthetic penicillin, an analogue of ampicillin, with a broad spectrum of bacterial activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative micro-organisms. Amoxycillin is stable in presence of gastric acid and may be given without regards to meals. It acts through inhibition of biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide.

Dosage:

Adult: 250 mg-1 gm thrice daily.

Children: 20 mg/kg body wt. in 3 divided doses

Contra-indications: Individuals with an history of allergic reaction to the penicillins. Pregnancy.

Special Precautions: Periodic assessment of renal, hepatic and haematopoietic functions should be made during prolonged therapy. In case of Super infections with mycotic or bacterial pathogens (usually Enteobacter, Pseudomonas or Candida) the drug should be discontinued.

Paediatrics: Safe.

Pregnancy: No evidence of risk.

Lactation: Safe.

Elderly: No known problem.

Side effects : Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Urticaria, skin rashes and serum sickness. Rise in SGOT, Anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, eosinophilia, leukopenia and agranulocytosis.

Drug Interactions: Reduce absorption of oral contraceptives

Presentation: Each hardgelatine contains Amoxycillin 500 mg & Lactobacillus Sporogens 60 million.

Available in a strip pack of 6's. 

CEFIXIME TRIHYDRATE: It is third generation oral cephalosporin, effective against a wide spectrum of sensitive gram positive, gram negative & anaerobic bacterial pathogens including beta-lactamase producing strains. It has high affinity for penicillin binding proteins with varying site of activity. It acts by inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis. The elimination half-life is about 3 hours, with little variation over the usual therapeutie dosage range

Dosage:

Adult:200-400 mg daily as single or 2 divided doses for 7-14 days.

Children: 8 mg/kg body-wt. daily as a single or 2 divided doses. Not recommended children below 6 months.

Contra-indications: Hypersensitivity.

Special Precautions: Hypersensitivity to penicillins. Severe renal impairment.

Paediatrics: Safety upto 6 months age not established.

Pregnancy:Use with caution.

Lactation: Use with caution.

Side effects :: G-I disturbance. Headaches, dizziness. Rashes.

Drug Indications: Salicylic acid & Probenecid.

Presentation:

Availability: Ceemi 50 is available in strips of 10's

Ceemi-100 & 200 are available in strips of 6's.

Each vail contains:
Ceftriaxone Sodium U.S.P.
Equivalent to
Ceftriaxone Anhydrous 250 mg

Each vail contains:
Ceftriaxone Sodium U.S.P.
Equivalent to
Ceftriaxone Anhydrous 1000 mg

CIPROFLOXACIN: It is a new fluroquinolone antimicribial agent with potent activity against a broad spectrum of gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria including Ps. ariginosa, Enterobacteriaceae and Staph aureus. Ciprofloxacin does not disturb normal anaerobic intestinal flora and, has significant post-antibiotic effect & thus prevents regrowth of  bacteria. Its antibacterial spectrum is wider than that of aminoglycosides, third generation cephalosporins and other fluoroquinolones.

Dosage: The dosage of Ciprofloxacin is determined on the basis of severity of infections, type of infecting organisms and age, weight and renal function of the patient. The recommended dosage schedule of oral ciprofloxacin is as follows:

i)                      Uncomplicated UTI: 250 mg every 12 hours.

ii)                     Prostatitis and complicated UTI in patients with severe underlying structural abnormalities: 500 mg every 12 hours.

iii)                    Lower respiratory tract infections: mild-250 mg; moderate to serve -500 mg ; all every 12 hours. Dosage of 750 mg every 1 hours should preferably be used in cases of infection with resistant gram-postive bacteria.

iv)                   ENT infections: 500 to 750 mg every 12 hours.

v)                    Bone and joint infections: 500 to 750 mg every 12 hours.

vi)                   Gastroenteritis : 250 mg every 12hours.

vii)                  Enteric fever :500 mg every 12 hours.

viii)                 Gynaecological infections: 500 mg every 12 hours.

ix)                   Gonorrhoea: 250 mg single dose.

x)                    Septicemia, bacteremia and intra-adbominal infections: Intial IV ciprofloxacin therapy may be followed by oral 500 to 750 mg every 12 hours.

Contra-indications: Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any other quinolone derivative. Not recommended to use in children and adolescents.

Special Precautions: Use with caution in patients of renal impairment, cerebral arteriosclerosis or epilepsy. Keep patient well hydrated to prevent crystalluria.

Paediatrics: Safety not established.

Pregnancy: Contraindication.

Lactation: Drug passes in to breast milk may affect the infant adversely.

Elderly: No special problem

Side-effects: Diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, restlessness and arthralgia.

Drug Interactions: Magnesium, aluminium calcium, iron and zinc antacids decrease ciprofloxacin absorption. Potentiates oral anticoagulants. Rifampicin reduces serum concentration of Ciprofloxacin. CNS excitation occur with concurrent administration of quinolones and NSAID's .

Presentation:

Available in blisters of 10's

Tab. 10 X 10T
Each film coated tablet contains:
Gatifloxacin 200 mg
Colour Titanium Dioxide I.P.

Tab. 10 X 10T
Each film coated tablt contains:
Gatifloxacin 400mg
Colour: Titanium Diaxide I.P. .

CEFADROXIL: Like all Beta-lactams antibiotics it acts by selectively inhibiting the synthesis of mucopeptides in the bacterial cell wall of multiplying bacteria.

Dosage: 1-2 gm daily in one or two divided doses.

Children: 25-50 mg/kg body wt in divided doses every 12 hours.

Contra-indications: Patients with any known allergy to cephalosporins

Special Precautions: Renal impairment, gastro intestinal disease, particularly colitis. Prolonged use can result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms. Use in pregnancy only if clearly indicated.

Side-effects: Nausea, vomiting , diarrhoea, dysuria, pseudomembranous colitis. Allergies (Rash, Urticaria and Angioderma), genital pruritus, genital moniliasis, vaginitis and moderate transient neutropenia.

Drug Interactions: Concurrent use with frusemide increases nephrotoxicity. Potentiates nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides. Prothrombin time prolonged, caution necessary with anticoagulants. Probenecid prolongs half-life.

Presentation:

NORFLOXACIN WITH METRONIDAZOLE:

Norfloxacin is bactericidal in nature. Norfloxacin interferes with sysnthesis of bacterial DNA (replication of bacterial DNA). Metronidazol.e is a nitromidazole, and is the drug of choice in the most forms of amoebiasis. It is a potent in vitro effective in most clinical form of amoebicidal drugs. It is effective in most clinical forms of amoebiasis. On oral adminstratiom, it is almost completely absorbed from the small intestine, and very little in present in the lumen of the large bowel.

Norfloxacin is active in a wide range of gram positive and gram negative pathogen like Pseudomounas, Penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase producing gonococcal strains, Haemophilus influenza. Also active against gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococci including methicillin- resistant strains, Streptococci and  Interococci. 

Metronidazole is effective against Entamoeba & Giardia sps.. Metronidazole is also effective against bacteroides, Clostridium sps., .E. histolytica, G. Vaginalis, Giardia lamblia, T. Vaginalis.

The combination has an extended range of antimicribial spectrum and is effective against mixed gut infection, diarrhoea & dysentery

Dosage:

5-10 ml B.I.D. for 5-7 days.

Adverse Reactions: Rarely hypersensitivity reactions, facial and laryngeal oedema, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, heart burn, headache, dizziness, rash, dry mouth, fever, bone marrow depression.

Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity, Neurological disorder including convulsions.

Presentation:

Norzole contains Norfloxacin & Metronidazole 100 mg each in each 5 ml of suspension available as 30 ml & 60ml packs.

Norzole Forte Suspension contains Norfloxacin 100 mg & Metronidazole 200 mg available as 30 mg pack. 

NORFLOXACIN WITH TINIDAZOLE:

(For details of Norfloxacin refer to Norzole Suspension & for Tinidazole refer to Zocin- TZ)

The combination has an extended range of antimicribial spectrum and is effective against mixed gut infections, diarrhoea & dysentery.

Dosage:

The dosage is one tablet twice daily for 5-10 days.

Contra Indication: In patients hypersensitive to quinolone group of compounds.

Side effects: Nausea, head ache, dizziness, fatigue, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, insomnia, constipation, heart burn and metallic taste.

Drug Interaction:  Disulfiram like reaction when used with alcohol. Probenecid reduces the urinary excretion of Norfloxacin. Nitrofurantoin antagonises the effect of Norfloxacin. Theophylline levels are increased when used with Norfloxacin. Effect of oral anticoagulants are increased.

Presentation: Each film coated tablet of NORZOLE containing Norfloxacin 200 mg plus Tinidazole 600 mg is available as blisters of 10's.

SPARFLOXACIN: It is an aminofluroquinoline and exerts its antibacterial activity via the inhibition of DNA replication of bacteria by inhibiting DNA-gyrase activity. Its absorption begins soon after oral administration. The distribution of Sparfloxacin in nasal mucoss and sinus mucosa is primarily high. It is metabolised by the liver to an inactive acylglucuronide conjugate. The terminal plasma elimination half-life is about 20 hrs. Elimination of Sparfloxacin is complete.

Antimicrobial Spectrum: Retains the gram negative activity of fluroquinolones and has enhanced activity against gram-positive organisms, especially Strep. pneumoniae, atypical organisms like Mycoplasma pnemoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Both Penicillin resistant and erythomycin resistant strains of S.pneumoniae are susceptible to Sparfloxacin. MIC90 are four times lower for Sparfloxacin than for Ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including multi-drug resistant strains.

Contraindications: Quinolone hypersensitivity.

Special Precautions: Pregnancy and lactation.

Side effects: Cutaneous allergy and photosensitivity, digestive disorders, Rare cases of headache and sleep disorder, transient and moderate increase of transaminases, hypoglycemia.

Drug Interaction: Antacid, digoxin.

Presentation: Sparo film coated tablets are available in Blisters of 10's as:

Sparo-100 mg and Sparo-200 mg.

OFLOXACIN: It is a fluoroquinolone which is more active than ciprofloxacin again Chlanmydia trachomatis. It is also active against Mycobacterium leprae as well as M.tuberculosis and some other Mycobacterium spp.

Contra-Indications: Hypersensitivity to fluoro-quinolones. History of epilepsy.

Special Precautions: Exposure to strong sun light and ultra violet rays should be avoided. Driving or operating machinery. Renal insufficiency, Psychiatric disorders concomitant use of aluminium and magnesium containing antacids.

Paediatrics: Safety not established in children below 16 years.

Pregnancy: Contraindicated.

Lactation: Contraindicated.

Elderly: Safe.

Side effects: Hypersensitivity reaction, skin reactions, CNS disturbance, G.I. upset pseudomembranous colitis. Transient increase in liver enzymes. Rarely, joint /muscle pain, bone marrow depression.

Drug Interactions: Antacids containing magnesium and aluminium reduce absorption. Sucralfate reduces absorption. Inhibits GABA receptor binding. Probenecid decreases elimination.

Presentation: Zocin film coated tablets are available in blisters of 10's as:

Zocin-100 mg, Zocin-200 mg, Zocin-400 mg 

and Zocin Suspension (50 mg each 5 ml)   

OFLOXACIN IN COMBINATION WITH TINIDAZOLE

OFLOXACIN:

(Refer to the details in ZOCIN)

TINIDAZOLE: Its metabolism is slower than metronidazole but duration of action is longer, thus it is more suited for once or twice daily therapy

Contra-Indications: 1^st trimester of pregnancy. Blood dyscrasias, Lactation, Neurological disorders.

Special Precautions: Pregnancy, anticoagulants, avoid alcohol intake.

Side effects: Metallic taste, furred tongue, G.I. discomfort. Dark urine, Neuropathy and apileptiform seizures. Urticaria, leucopenia, angioedema.

Drug Interaction: Disulfiram like reaction with alcohol. Synergism with ampicillin, doxycycline and cotrimoxazole

Presentation: Available as blisters of 10's tablets each containing Ofloxacin 200 mg plus Tinidazole 600 mg as film coated tablet.

Each 5 ml contains:
Oflaxacin U.S.P. 50mg
Ornidazole 125mg
Colour: Sunset Yellow FCF

Each vial contains:
Cefoperazone Sodium USP
Equivalent to Cefoperazone 500 mg
Sulbactum Sodium USP
Equivalent to Sulbactum 500 mg

Each vial contains:
Cefoperazone Sodium USP
Equivalent to Cefoperazone 1.0 g
Sulbactum Sodium USP
Equivalent to Sulbactum 1.0 g